---- Closest To The Sun Essays - Planetary Science, Solar System

---- Closest to the sun ---- Smallest of the inner planets ---- Temperatures reach up to 1,380 F ---- Has low gravity, therefore there is no atmosphere ---- Orbits the sun once every 88 days ---- Surface is devoid of basalt - a hard, dense type of volcanic rock that has a glassy appearance ---- High density which implies that there is a large iron or nickel-ore core ---- Fun/Interesting Fact* Mercury's perihelion (the time at which the planet is the closest distance from the sun) advances 43 seconds of arc per century. ---- Second planet that is closest to the sun ---- Earth's twin--has the same density, mass, diameter and rock composition ---- High surface temperatures reaching near 900 F ---- Surface features: low-lying plains, mountain ranges, volcanoes, and rift systems. ---- Largest highland region is about the size of Africa ---- Rotates on its axis in a retrograde "backwards" direction ---- Completes one trip around the sun in 224.7 Earth- days ---- 98% of the atmosphere is made up of carbon dioxide ---- Fun/Interesting Fact* Venus has hot spots, formed from deep in the planet's interior, that are similar to the ones that made the Hawaiian Islands ---- Third planet from the sun ---- Distance from the sun 92,956,000 miles ---- Has only one orbiting companion-the Moon ---- Largest of the inner planets ---- Appears as a blue sphere from outer space, due to the water ---- Only place, that we know of, that has life on it ---- Made up of: Mantle: Composed of compounds of iron, magnesium, silicon, and oxygen Outer Core: sodium, potassium, oxygen, silicon and aluminum ----Fun/Interesting Fact* Earth's crust has a isostasy, (a condition of balance that exists between different portions of Earth's crust), which means the lighter rocks of the crust float on the heavier, plastic rocks of the mantle and either rise higher or sink lower, depending on the density and volume of the crust ---- Fourth planet from the sun ---- 15 times as far from the Sun as the Earth ---- Orbits somewhat elliptical ---- Distance varies from 128.4 million mi. To 154 million mi. ---- It takes 687 Earth days to revolve around the Sun ---- Rotates at 15 mi/sec. ---- A day is 24hr. 37min. 23sec. long ---- Has two small moons: Phobos (fear) & Deimos (terror) ---- Martian atmosphere contains carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and argon. Minor amounts of oxygen, carbon monoxide, water vapor, and small traces of other elements. ---- Mars has a similar global atmospheric circulation patterns to Earth's. For example: warm air rises at the equator which moves poleward. And also a mid to high latitudes where winds move west and contains a jet stream (a large band of high winds) ---- Fun/Interesting Fact* Mars got its name from its red color which inspired the Greeks and Romans to name it after their god of war, Ares, or Mars. ---- Fifth planet from the sun ---- Most massive planet ---- 1,000 times smaller than the sun ---- Equatorial diameter 88,700 miles ---- Orbits the Sun in 11.9 years at 52 times the Earth's distance from the sun ---- Atmosphere contains: oxygen, ammonia, methane, and other compounds ---- Wind moves in jets parallel to the equator ---- Weather isn't well understood. For example, Eddies (water moving contrary to the main current in a circular motion) form and dissipate from a few days to much longer ---- Has a magnetic field 4,000 times stronger than Earth's. The field wobbles up and down with the electrical charged particles trapped within it. ---- Fun/Interesting Fact* Jupiter may have formed, like the Sun, by the gravitational collapse of part of the primeval solar nebula ---- Sixth planet from the sun ---- Has the most extensive satellite system in the solar system Six can be seen from telescopes. Largest is Titan ---- Has white ring that surrounds the entire planet ---- Atmospheric Make-Up: Methane EthanePhosphine ---- Has a strong, dipolar magnetic field. It extends in the direction away from the sun ---- Has a solar-like chemical abundance ---- 18 moons surround Saturn ---- Orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.427 billion km ---- Has a magnetic tail which extends in the direction away from the sun similar to cometary plasma tails ---- Fun/Interesting Fact* The white rings of Saturn had first been seen by Galileo Galilei in 1610 ---- Seventh planet in the solar system ---- 1st planet to be discovered since ancient times (the Greeks and Romans) ---- Appears in the sky as a bluish- green disk ---- It's rotation axis is inclined 97 degrees 54' from its

Rent essays

Rent essays Ah, the daunting task of analyzing Rent in 525,600 words or less, and to simplify any aspect would be an embellished understatement. So to preserve the memory on the hard drive of this computer, one is forced to focus on merely one aspect of this outstanding musical. The first problem occurs when trying to describe the play in terms worthy of its praise. Neither my limited vocabulary nor the synonym button on the tool bar of the computer seems to serve as an accurate description of the play. One is forced to challenge the readers understanding of his surroundings to relate the plays standing. In this situation, one must understand that an outstanding liberal play came to challenge the delicate balance of our tiny conservative world known as College Station. To understand the validity of a play about AIDS and homosexuality selling out four shows in the most conservative town on America (where the only events to sell out are drinking parties and football games), is to merely tou ch on the importance and greatness of the play. I however was one of the unlucky few that was unable to view the College Station performances, but I was able to capture a ticket to a San Francisco showing during my Thanksgiving break. I was very fortunate to see Billy Aronsons Rent, at the Orpheum Theater on November 27th, and the one aspect of the play that impressed me the most was the outstanding music. To leave a production of the play without having at least one of the musicals many outstanding songs lodged into your memory and stuck on your tong is almost a crime. Why I am still tapping my toes and singing its many memorable melodies while I am writing this review of the play. I am sure that the memories of all of its viewers are triggered with the mention of the word rent. Just think about which song is stuck in your head right now. Light My Candle, Living in America, or Seasons of Love?...

Askweek8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Askweek8 - Essay Example With proper company culture, there is assured and responsible use of the internet and social sites. The culture of internet use is growing, and all employees have been taught on responsible use of the internet. With collaboration taking a toll in business communication, interaction with the neighbors is fading away, how do you handle constant interaction with the neighbors? We ensure that, in every recruiting process, we undertake we have people from the surrounding communities. We also have community services that ensure that the community is well kept. We have established programs that help the community in their lives (Lange, 2012). How do you deal with the need to make profits, and at the same time the need to satisfy staff promotions, and increase in their pay? We understand that a good workforce will result in increased productivity. This is something we bank on, and we understand that the best way to have a productive workforce is to have them satisfied in their work. The only way to achieve this is to have a better pay. Do you think you company will benefits if they integrate their mode of operation with international standards? I believe that we are growing as a company, and there are many benefits, which we will see if we adopt international standards. I believe that we should emulate what have been set by world organizations and as a way of doing the right thing. We are required to adopt cultures that will auger well with international standards, are this policy adopted in your place of work? We have done all the necessary to ensure that all international requirements have been met. There are some which we have not undertaken but we are doing all we can, to ensure that we adopt them. The reason why we have not adopted them is not because we are not willing to, but because these polices are new. Do you consider your company successful in ensuring that their adoption of international

Managing Innovation by Cross-Functional Teams Research Proposal - 1

Managing Innovation by Cross-Functional Teams - Research Proposal Example Corporate strategy in effect maps out the businesses in which an organisation intends to compete in a way that focuses resources to convert distinctive capabilities into competitive advantage. (Andrews, 1997). In this vein, managing a cross-functional team requires considerable skills as effective teamwork is seldom an automatic process. Organizational change or change in general can be defined from a variety of points depending on the perception of the user. An individual or employee in an organization may look at a new post or position as a change while higher management may feel it is unimportant. (Cao et al, 2000, p187). Changes viewed also by management may also not be looked upon as change by outsiders like competitors or suppliers. This has led to the categorizing of change in various ways, some of which include strategic and non-strategic change, incremental and radical change, changes of identity, co-ordination and control, planned and emergent change, change in terms of scale, human-centered change in terms of individual, group and inter-group or organizational level, quantum change and so on. (Cao et al, 2000, p187; Todnem, 2005, p372). Innovation is a management change process. There is a growing number of existing literatures on value drivers, core competences, and success factors in an organisation. E.g. Sim & Ali (1998) compared the attributes and performance of firms from developed countries with those from developing countries within the same industry, Park & Russo (1996) focus on the differential impact of firm’s size to its success and parents shareholders value, Hagan (1998) and Prahalad & Hamel (1990) focus on the core competence of an organisation however, none of these studies has addressed the qualities and salient features with respect to a particular organisation. Under today’s fierce competition it has become increasingly necessary to probe

Organizational learning and development report Essay

Organizational learning and development report - Essay Example Organization learning and development has been viewed in different perspective by different individuals and organizations. Organizational development is concerned with improve a business’s performance and personal development of its workers. Each business should be perceived as a coherent system made up of different parts. Organizational development as a procedure comprises of methodologies and gains in tactical arrangement, organizational plan, headship development, training, variety and balance between employment and life (Kozlowski & Salas 2009, p. 48). Learning is gained either from the individual level or team level. Organization learning and development can be summarized by figure one and two. In reference to Kozlowski and Salas (2009, p. 28) work, an organization may learn formally or informally: Informal Learning is the learning that the organization sets its targets, goals, and objectives to be achieved by itself while in formal learning, the organizations departments sets their targets, goals, and objectives and how to achieve them within the given time frame. However, both formal and informal learning is not involved with the learning but rather the person who directs the organization towards the achievement of the set goals and objectives. Informal learning relies on four main organization’s principles, which include context, cognizance, experimental, and relationship. Relationship learning occurs from interaction of individual or organization during their production. Cognizance learning occurs when an organization intents to learn about an aspect or a situation occurrence has forced the organization to learn. Context learning occurs outside the formal learning setting that is from either observing how differently thing are done by other organizations. Lastly experimental learning happen when an organization experiments a procedure/process then draws conclusion from the results achieved (Kozlowski & Salas, 2009, p. 30). Figure one belo w summarizes formal and informal learning activities. Figure 1 Factors Facilitating Learning in Organizations Learning can be described and expressed in different ways, individuals and organization can use different approaches in learning. Learning is a combination of cognitive and a behavioral procedure whereby new ideas end up to new behaviors and/or new actions lead to new ideas. Cognitive and behavioral change may happen simultaneously to improve concepts or may be separated by a time lag. The difference between a mere undirected action and learning is that cognitive development is either a pre-action incident or a result of innovated actions or capabilities. Learning is progressively seen as an active, public, and dynamic procedure, passed through individuals reflecting and acting together. The quality of learning socialization between people and societies is a major resource that needs to be grown and sustained. Learning has a close connection with knowledge; it is the procedu re that brings on a change in cognition and/or behavioral actions. Know how is dynamic; it happens to be useful, and picks on significance as an employee applies it to the organizational challenges. The concept of knowing refers to employees’ capability to advance, combine, and exchange their thoughts and expertise

Reflection on Demand and change in Nurse Manager

Reflection on Demand and change in Nurse Manager Over the last decade management in nursing has become increasingly demanding (Hyrkas et al 2005). The role of nurse managers has undergone significant change as nurse managers have taken on more administrative roles. Restructuring and specialization of healthcare organizations has had an impact on the role of the nurse manager. If preparation of nurse managers is inadequate, potential for role confusion and role stress increases, undermining role effectiveness in this key position (McCallin Frankson, 2010). Within the hospital and specialized clinic setting a synergy between business practice and clinical practice is vital to the success of the organization. In my experience as a nurse manager, while attending monthly management meetings, I have experienced hospital administrators (CEOs and CFOs) that understand that nurses are essential for a hospital or health clinic to function, and to maintain a high quality of care. But at the same time these administrators express concerns tha t department managers are not as responsive as they would like in relation to alignment with organizational resource management and objectives. In these instances it appears that the administrators and department managers are out of sync in what they understand the job role to be. This perception does not negate the clinical expertise of the manager but may demonstrate a lack of business skill, or understanding of the business objectives and expectations of the role for the clinical manager. Healthcare is a business and, like every business, it needs good management to keep the business connected and running smoothly. The aim of this paper ..As part of my personal development plan, using the example of cardiac care clinics, role challenges are discussed, and implications for nursing management that present a new approach to nurse manager development I will explore the challenges that face nurse managers to better understand the integration of business expectations and the role of the nurse manager in the setting of cardiac care and identify possible improvements that could close perceived training gaps being experienced. I see this knowledge as being helpful in my personal development but also in developing templates to assist other managers to improve as they embark into managing specialty clinics. Healthcare organizations are working to provide optimal care in cost effective ways. The tension between these two objectives is challenging for all levels of management. In my experience with cardiac care, I see nurse managers being challenged to develop optimal planning algorithms, patient satisfaction surveys, or building new clinical paths, such as cardiac care service lines for focused cardiac management. Choices ultimately have to satisfy clinical objectives of optimal care, outstanding communication, collaboration and transparency of information. At the same time organizational issues need to be addressed in order to deliver products and services in a sustainable way (cost effective, evidence based, and state-of-the art). Nurse Managers are required to become experts in the fundamentals of business management which often is beyond the education and experience of a registered nurse (Wright, Rowitz, Merkle, 2000) (Mathena, 2002) (Douglas, 2008). To address these concerns within the setting of a specialized clinic, specialized training and support could be designed to develop the skills and models to support the development of effective nurse managers. As nurses, much of how we learn to manage and lead is learned informally as we advance in our careers. However, this does not mean that it cannot be done better. Management skills may be learnt on the job but are also skills that should not be left to chance. The gap in management and business preparation among nurse managers is an area that could be improved (Noyes, 2002). One argument is that these skills are acquired in the University of Life (Pedler, Burgoyne, Boydell, 2007, p. 13). Education and support of clinical nurse managers received considerable attention in the 1980s, with accounts of preparatory courses which were considered to have been effective at the time (Gould, Kelly, Goldstone, Maidwell, 2001). In the years since much has changed in healthcare. Continuing ill preparedness for nursing management and leadership continues to be documented (Douglas, 2008). As the span of the role has expanded, nurse manager workloads have increased (Lee Cummings, 2008). This can lead to role fatigue that threatens individuals, the role itself, along with the clinical objectives of the cardiac program. The situation is sustained when nurses are promoted into management roles without any formal management training at all (Platt Foster, 2007). In my experience, the cardiac specialty clinic has intense challenges; the scope of the role is wide-ranging. A nurse manager enters a cardiac specialty role with advanced clinical expertise and must promptly become a strategic planner, human resource authority, quasi-business manager, financial analyst, risk manager, operations manager, quality specialist, and clinical expert (Crowther, 2004). Other competencies include staffing management, performance evaluation, team development, delegation, conflict re solution, change management and problem solving (Mathena, 2002). Research suggests that nurse managers receive little management support and little is done to set expectations, track performance, or offer feedback (Tuglan, 2007) Poor access to formal organizational support suggests that a nurse managers management skills are learnt utilizing trial and error methods (Paliadelis, Cruickshank, Sheridan, 2007) To better understand the integration of business expectations and the role of the nurse manager in the setting of cardiac care, I conducted semi-structured discussions with key stake holders and support experts (CMO, CFO, DON, Purchasing Manager, and Nurse Managers). With the permission of the individuals I documented field notes to later review and analyze systematically, to identify recurrent themes and understand perceived gaps existing between the clinical and the business aspects of management within the specialized cardiac clinic. A simple thematic approach was utilized where the notes were coded according to similarities and differences that were grouped into categories and then arranged into themes. Three themes emerged from the notes namely, understanding of the managerial role, management and business training deficits, and a general feeling of management overload. The discussions were structured based on clinic management, operational management, value proposition, market segment, strategic position, and clinical strategy. This structure provided a framework to categorize the differing responses to identify the applicability of clinical and business theory to establish a clearer understanding of the elements required to build a nurse manager development strategy. In understanding the cardiac clinic managers role, administrators acknowledged Within the cardiac arena, healthcare knowledge that nurse managers must possess has changed and continues to change dramatically, these changes are more complex, frequent and rapid than ever before CEO. The clinic managers themselves identified a lack of clarity; comments indicated that the managers role is diverse when compared to the job description. Within the cardiology specialty, the cardiac managers role has become more challenging today than in the past, mainly due to the numerous changes that are occurring in cardiac care today Cardiac Clinic Manager. The lack of preparedness for the role was an area that reinforced what the literature stated. Common comments included: Not all nurse managers are successful in the transition from staff nurse to management. The successful nurse managers achieve results through their ability to develop leadership skills, critical thinking skills, and over time, a development of mutual respect. Director of Cardiac Services. I was the go-to person for the cardiology step down unit; I had good clinical skills, and was promoted into a management position. You could describe my transition as baptism by fire Cardiac Clinic Manager. When asked what a successful nurse manager would look like, the majority of answers indicated that success was interpreted as maintaining staff satisfaction, avoiding patient complications, and dealing with the day to day problems associated with the patient flow through the clinic. Integrating specialized cardiac clinical experience with management skills is identified as challenging, management role descriptions need to be supported and aligned with organizational objectives. I see this as having implications for the development of cardiac clinic nurse managers because if roles are vague managerial communication and leadership will be challenging. The second theme evident was a business management deficit. Business and financial management was identified as being an area of nurse management that made the role demanding. As a manager I have had to manage information technology, finances, human resources, business strategies and organizational operations. This is a very wide subject potentially requiring knowledge of many aspects of business as it relates to, health economics, quality, value, reimbursement, and strategy. Although some nurse managers identified a familiarity with budgeting and performance improvement, they also expressed that these were areas that they had no formal training, and that were viewed as outside of their control. There was no formal business training. My problems are figures, budgets and reports. I was completely computer illiterate, and am not much better today Clinical Manager. Situations were also described where nurse managers dont speak up, or attend organization planning, or strategy meetings, and as a result the organization bypasses them when making key decisions. Nurse Managers are not taught how to influence business practices within a healthcare organization. Many clinic nurse managers dont seem to take ownership of the operational management of their departments Purchasing manager, Several hospital administrators identified that the Nurse Manager are rarely considered experts in the logistics associated with the supply, operational, and fiscal management. Administrators agreed that nurse managers have a difficult position, in that they have 100% accountability for quality care, and productivity within the specialized clinic, but not 100% authority. Connecting the clinical aspect of cardiac services to funding is essential for financial managers to select appropriate working capital strategies to support the overall business strategies and objectives (Marsh 2009). As I consider the nurse mangers role in todays specialized healthcare environment, it is important to place the subject into context of what has happened and what is happening in our field of work, because managers in todays cannot simply emulate managers of the past (Ellis, 2005, p. 3). Key stakeholders (administration, CEO, CFO) interviewed identified that trends in cardiac healthcare are being affected by such things as: the global market place, the impact of information technology, demands for higher quality and faster service, shorter implementation times on healthcare initiatives, increasing specialty focus and disease management customization, external relations: consumers and industry. High expectations challenge managers asked to stretch resources and time beyond what can be effectively managed. Managers speak of feeling overwhelmed. Common comments included: There are not enough hours in the day, to complete the report, budgets, planning and meetings Cardiac Service Line Manager. And Its about what is achievable and what is not you have to deal with it Cardiac Clinic Nurse Manager. Quality management was a phrase that was identified by all, and appears to be a priority in todays healthcare arena, describing a level of management or service. Some philosophers Plato 2500 years ago to Robert Pirsig in 1975, in Zen and the art of motorcycle maintenance, argue that quality cannot be defined, that we just know it when we see it. In striving to provide, and document proof of quality services nurse managers are pressured to manage and identify the key performance indicators that would be most valuable and then report formats that would be most useful to users, all with little or no training in this area. The role of todays specialized healthcare manager is seen as even more complicated due to the rapidly changing environment surrounding cardiovascular services. Literature supports the fact that managers of previous generations did not have to deal with the rapidity, complexity, and frequency of change that managers are faced with today (Ellis, 2005, p. 13). As new management roles are created, in response to change, the clinician, transitioning to management must give up their role as an individual contributor. As an individual contributor success is measured by the accomplishments of the individuals work. As a manager, you are no longer responsible for what you alone accomplish. You must now work with your direct reports to achieve the goals of the department and the organization. Specialized clinics should not have to reinvent the wheel, with the adoption of methods, tools and techniques the specialized clinic could evaluate current strategy and test future scenarios. There must be a perceived need for change with decision makers. During informal field discussions I discovered many instances that indicated a need for change as well as the need for inclusive ways of framing seemingly complex problems. This was verbalized through feelings of frustration and inadequacy; these situations could be categorized as general inadequate knowledge and preparation. Understanding the role of the manager, is important and in broad terms, I see this as achieving results through, and with others, to help their healthcare team be productive and effective in providing quality care. To do this, competencies such as guiding, supporting, and development of others to higher levels of performance are needed. Managers need to create an environment that encourages and motivates individuals to perform (Chief Nursing Officer) When you create the right environment, achieving results through others becomes much easier. (Boyette Conn, 1992) Data from the interviews indicated that clinical nurse managers appeared to feel clinically competent but generally experienced lack of concordance when dealing with a range of issues, in particular; human resources, managing budgets, communicating at a business level and using information technology in everyday practice. The most effective nurse managers are identified as those who accept full accountability for their own training and development within the clinic and for the outcomes that the clinic achieves. This paper has attempted to explore the issues affecting a nurse manager, specifically as it could relate to a specialized clinical area. I have found that the need for educational support is compounded by a business management deficit and high expectations (possibly unrealistic) that may be causing work overload among nurse managers. It can be stated that the nurse manager role encompasses both management and leadership, and that managers are appointed without the essential organizational management skills or support, making these managers vulnerable in their positions. Obtaining, training, and retaining nurse managers who have the skills and knowledge to manage specialized cardiac clinics is extremely important. Management development is a highly necessary pursuit (Tanner, 2002) (Srsic-Stoehr, Rogers, Wolgast, Chapman, 2004) for nurse managers to assist in addressing the challenges in their positions. Drucker 1967 on developing managers believes that development is not about identifying talent for todays requirements, but it should embrace developing managers to manage the future. It is important to ensure that a policy of developing the management and leadership potential in all and particularly of newly appointed managers. Individuals should also ensure that they focus on developing their own management skills through training, reading, analyzing, and following the example of good managers and by assessing, monitoring, and improving their own performance. The best managers increase the health of the workers whom they manage (Maslow, 1998, p. 94). There are a number of possibilities in up skilling nurse managers, self development or personal development, with the nurse manager taking primary responsibility for their own learning and for choosing the means to achieve this. Ultimately it is about increasing your capacity and willingness to take control over, and be responsible for, ones own development. Self development can mean many things, developing specific qualities and skills, improving performance in your job, advancing your career or, achieving your full potential as an individual. The question here is can an individual be willing and disciplined enough to identify and complete the ambitious goals that would be required here? There are many suggestions in the literature that guide and recommend models and methods to train and develop nurse managers; one suggestion is to develop in-house leadership through a Nurse Leadership Academy, as outlined in appendix II. Once a hospital initiates this kind of program, it can expand it to other leaders in the organization, and also begin developing an internal cadre of coaches and mentors. It has been suggested that one way to manage and assist the specialized cardiac clinic organizations improvement process is by implementing concepts such as Lean Six Sigma to improve performance, core process or quality service (Womack and Jones 1996, 2005). These programs assist in organizational development but not the individual. Six Sigma courses are designed to teach employees and management ways to eliminate wasteful processes, automate processes, minimize error and better utilize resources. Training of managers in Lean Six Sigma can facilitate positive change but the process has also been likened to trying to build a plane while trying to fly in it. There have been many suggestions on training needs for the nurse manager, from information gathering and design specific programs to meet areas of concern such as communication, finance, information technology, leadership and quality, to subsidizing formal academic education through higher education, but sometimes these pathways are over engineered and do not designed with a supportive structure that facilitates practice adoption. Higher education is essential for managers to further branch out and develop professionally, programs such as MBAs, Informatics, Masters programs in hospital administration offer much opportunity, but are also often not supported or backed up with mentoring programs and resources from within the managers clinical workplace. Passionate as I am about the potential contribution of specialized cardiac care programs and management education of the leaders for tomorrow, I remain convinced that a supportive approach is the foundation within this specialty area. In the foreseeable future specialized clinics are going to own the problem of training and developing managers, a component of this will involve support and encouragement of nurse manager personal development, with the nurse manager being encouraged to take primary responsibility for their own learning. Tertiary healthcare education programs, rightly or wrongly, are not about to relieve healthcare of this burden or, I should say opportunity, but has the potential to support an individuals quest for professional development as a manager. Much of this can be supported with the initiation of individual development plans IDPs (Appendix III). This is not what I had envisioned as I started this evaluation looking into new approaches to nurse manager development and education. I see that a personalized approach is needed for both my own development and the development of other managers; the approach would not necessarily incorporate a generic formalized education plan, but would encourage the goals, with the support of organizational resources, backed up by an E-learning capability and personal mentor. I see clinical management in specialist centers is not merely for the intellectually curious. Management should be for those who are not content to follow, for those who believe that the best way to win is to rewrite the rules, for those who are unafraid to challenge orthodoxy, for those who are more inclined to build than cut, for those more concerned with making a difference than making a career, and for those who are absolutely committed to staking out the future first. David Roffe the CIO of St Vincents Hospital group in Sydney identifies the goal for managers may be identified as enlarging their personal development to fully encompass the emerging healthcare reality. Appendix I In many instances a cyclic self evaluation has us going back to evaluate how to move forward. Boydell 2003 doing things well, doing things better, doing better things, Sheffield interlogics Appendix II Nurse Leadership Academy Outline The program could include but is not limited to the following elements: 1. Selection of high-potential candidates. Many hospitals start with the existing Nurse Managers to create a common language and way of thinking about leadership. Then they involve a second group of high-potential Assistant Nurse Managers and Staff Nurses. 2. Initial welcome, orientation, and content delivery. A two or three day retreat grounds participants in the key elements of being a successful leader in the hospital. At the same time, participants choose ambitious goals to improve quality, service, and cost at the organization. Note that time must be reserved to prepare for this retreat. For instance, we will assess an organization in order to tailor our existing Nurse Managers Performance Leadership Program to the specific needs of the organization. Also, we will work with leadership to determine key areas for improvement. 3. Monthly follow up meetings to discuss progress on goals, hear presentations from hospital leadership (e.g., a board member might discuss the role of the board), and learn additional content. 4. Ongoing one-on-one coaching as needed. 5. Some form of recognition after a year. Appendix III

Light Essay -- essays research papers

LIGHT: A FUNDAMENTAL FORCE IN OUR WORLD If asked what light is, one could say that it's one of the most basic elements of our world and our universe as we perceive it. It is through sight that we receive 90% of our information. It is through the use of telescopes aiding the naked eye that we are aware of the heavenly bodies around us. It is through light that the energy from the sun is transferred to us. The sun's energy supports the food chain; plants use it to turn water and CO2 into energy usable by other organisms. Solar energy was also used, indirectly, to produce all of the fossil fuels that we consume daily. Since light is such a basic part of our existence, we should have a basic understanding of what it is. What we call light, the intangible, powerful force that powers our world, is somewhat hard to define in real terms. It shares properties with both particles and waves. It follows the same rules as a wave does--it moves in a regular fashion, in a perfect sine wave at a certain frequency. It travels in a straight line, and is subject to refraction. All of these characteristics are found in waves of any type, from radio frequency waves, up to Gamma and X- rays. Light, however, also exhibits qualities characteristic of particles such as neutrons and protons. A photon, or quanta, is the "packet" of energy that is sent in a light wave. Like a particle, the photon is believed to have a fi... Light Essay -- essays research papers LIGHT: A FUNDAMENTAL FORCE IN OUR WORLD If asked what light is, one could say that it's one of the most basic elements of our world and our universe as we perceive it. It is through sight that we receive 90% of our information. It is through the use of telescopes aiding the naked eye that we are aware of the heavenly bodies around us. It is through light that the energy from the sun is transferred to us. The sun's energy supports the food chain; plants use it to turn water and CO2 into energy usable by other organisms. Solar energy was also used, indirectly, to produce all of the fossil fuels that we consume daily. Since light is such a basic part of our existence, we should have a basic understanding of what it is. What we call light, the intangible, powerful force that powers our world, is somewhat hard to define in real terms. It shares properties with both particles and waves. It follows the same rules as a wave does--it moves in a regular fashion, in a perfect sine wave at a certain frequency. It travels in a straight line, and is subject to refraction. All of these characteristics are found in waves of any type, from radio frequency waves, up to Gamma and X- rays. Light, however, also exhibits qualities characteristic of particles such as neutrons and protons. A photon, or quanta, is the "packet" of energy that is sent in a light wave. Like a particle, the photon is believed to have a fi...

Euthanasia Informative Essay

The Controversy of Euthanasia One of the biggest and most controversial topics throughout society today is the act of euthanasia in humans. In the medical field, euthanasia is commonly known as assisted suicide that is essentially for terminally ill patients only. When thinking about euthanasia, Americans tend to relate it towards the rights for animals, but in this specific example I will focus on the controversial topic of legalization on behalf of people who are professionally diagnosed with a life-threatening diseases. This will not include minorities under the age of eighteen or the elderly over the age of sixty.Thus when looking at the data in today’s society, euthanasia is clearly defined as taking action of ending a person’s life to relieve persistent and relentless pain. As of today, the majority of our nations population believes that euthanasia is immoral. Although euthanasia is illegal in the United States currently, some citizens argue in defense of dying p eaceful with dignity rather then suffer in a hospital bed for months on end. After several decades of consideration, euthanasia is extremely difficult task to break down due to both disagreements within the choice for and against this practice.For instance, the term ‘euthanasia’ comes from the Greek words eu meaning god, and thanatos meaning death (Manning 2). Euthanasia can also be referred to as ‘mercy killing’ or the practice of assisting someone the aid of death whether it may be legal or illegal, depending on a country's jurisdiction. In other countries it is legal, like Belgium, Norway, Sweden, and Albania. Most of the United Kingdom, since 2009, declared legalization in all hospitals for medical euthanasia under the condition that a patient is suffering from chronic pain along with an incurable disease (Mattlin).The specific classification of euthanasia within legal jurisdiction becomes more complex when looking at what is considered fair and what is unjust. During the 1300s suicide or helping an individual commit suicide was considered as a criminal act. The idea of ‘mercy killing’ was not supported by the superiority of rising Christianity. In the United States of America, the first law against assisted killing, known as ‘anti-euthanasia’ was passed in 1828, New York. Euthanasia, like induced abortion, had been a major subject for deliberation since then. Within several decades euthanasia as divided into two main subgenres known as active-voluntary and passive-voluntary euthanasia (Manning 3). Voluntary is a medical classification of dying with consent from a patient within a reasonable amount of time before the termination process. Involuntary euthanasia is rarely seen today and is very uncommon due to new technologic advances in security and medical forensic sciences. In voluntary euthanasia, can although be simply defined as dying without consent (Nitschke). Under the English influence during the 15th century, active and passive euthanasia was categorized underneath voluntary medical practices.This is demonstrated in the process of the patient’s death. For example, active euthanasia is to end a person's life by use of drugs, whether by oneself or with the aid of a physician, when passive euthanasia is taking a persons life by not taking helping the patient survive during a ‘DNR’ circumstance, medically known as ‘do not resuscitate’ when need. Also passive termination can include withdrawing water, food, drugs, medical or surgical procedures needed in order to maintain life while sick (Manning 3). Read more about Dramatic CriticismVoluntary euthanasia is so controversial when it comes to the active practices because in the United States, residents have a legal right to freedom of speech and self-opinion. When opinions collide, we cannot simply justify both parties on equal terms under the federal laws of the U. S Constitution. In Washington, Montana and Oregon, it is legal for active euthanasia to occur if a medical practice agrees with their sick client. Since legalizations in 2009, statistics display that Oregon’s medical practices have little to no evidence on patients who had documented uncontrollable pain.All of the patients who requested assisted suicide cited psychological and social concerns as their primary reasons. According to the Health Division, this clearly does not give the United States court system any proof of dramatic circumstances in the use of active euthanasia. Ben Mattlin, who is a known to be a famous author in the medical and legal standpoints o f society, wrote â€Å"Suicide by? Not So Fast,† in November 1, 2010. Mattlin expresses, â€Å"My job as a physician is to ensure that people can see their inherent dignity reflected in they way they are cared for† (Mattlin).He debates the issues on how ‘active euthanization’ it is not ratified enough to become nationally acceptable due to the evidence of no complications found within the state of Oregon. Mattlin powerfully expresses that actively having the option to end ones life is unjust and should not be made legal. Given the concluding data made in the state of Oregon, He believes that a person should not be able to make a decision for them or for another on the act of terminating a life. Therefore, he persuasively projects the reasoning of why a human life, disabled or frail, should not have to choose death to become dignified.Voluntary euthanasia may be looked down upon within active medical practices, although in some cases, the view of passive eu thanasia is morally acceptable. For instance, within common life-threating illnesses, a patient will take extreme measures into there own hands. When given a negative diagnosis, a sick patient pleads to end their life, in order to not go through more pain and suffering. In most states, with the exception of Washington, Montana and Oregon, a certified doctor must refuse to let the individual die and save their life no matter what.Despite the emotional or physical pain a person endures, a doctor must remain positive and push treatment on their sick patient. A man named Derek Humphrey reasonably argues that, â€Å"In this century, medicine has made tremendous strides towards keeping us healthy and living longer, for which we are all grateful. But modern medicine has not entirely solved the problem of terminal pain, and it certainly never will be able to answer the very personal question of an individual person's quality of life† (Humphrey 34). He claims his pro-euthanasia though ts through his groundbreaking novel about assisted suicide, called The Final Exit.Humphrey declares it is not right to say active euthanasia is ‘wrong’ in the sense of how passive euthanasia is morally adequate. He pushes his thoughts further by explaining that passive euthanasia is used in day-to-day cases and there is not anything we as individual citizens can do about it. This is because a doctor cannot force a terminally patient treatment if they aren’t willing to stay positive nor corporate. On a legal standpoint, Humphrey argues and debates the reasons of why active euthanasia is wrong due to the fact that many individuals refuse burdensome medical treatment in order as a legal and safe option of dying anyways.In addition, Derek Humphrey states that actively killing oneself is just the same as asking for physical medical assistance in order to take the life of someone with a fatally ill disease (Humphrey 16). Both active and passive voluntary euthanasia is so debatable due to medical realities shown in historical studies. For example, a man, commonly known as â€Å"Dr. Death†, or Jack Kevorkian, was an American pathologist, and euthanasia activist who is best known for publicly championing the aid of life-threatening patient's, on rights to die through physician-assisted suicide.On March 26, 1999, Dr. Kevorkian was charged with second-degree murder due to the clear statements and legal documentation of ending at least 130 of his patients to death in order to prove a point in his battling court case. After his conviction, Jack Kevorkian declares, on live television, â€Å"dying is not a crime† (Robinson). Soon following the dramatic loss in court, Kevorkian is constrained by reporters who publicly announce the federal reasons as to why he was sentenced to prison with second-degree murder by the court. Citizens of the U.S soon discover that sixty percent of the patients who committed suicide, with Dr. Jack Kevorkian's, hel p were not terminally ill, and thirteen had not complained of uncontrollable pain. The reports further emphasized that Kevorkian's counseling was too brief when deciding to euthanize a life. The public became officially aware of the horrid behind ‘Dr. Death’. The nineteen patients died within less than twenty-four hours after first meeting Kevorkian and evidence was found that he did not, in fact, preform a psychiatric exam in the nineteen cases he chose (Robinson).On behalf of Kevorkian’s terminated patients, five of individuals had severe histories of depression and Kevorkian was properly aware. Despite knowing the history of Kevorkians five individuals who were hopeless for reasons their medical condition, he still decided to illegall take their life. Due to his dramatic example, legalizing active euthanasia is legally unjustified. Having verification of accurate physiological testing by a set of different medical doctors and multiple agreement forms from the severely ill person who is mentally capable of making decisions.Ben Mattlin, a graduated from Harvard University and born with spinal muscular atrophy, believes it is impossible to keep track and verify euthanasia (Mattlin). Thus concluding, not all of Dr. Kevorkian’s patients were eligible for the active treatment of euthanasia. Criticism still arises within the U. S on the unanswered questions of what the real difference is between citizens who are terminally ill physically or who are extremely ill mentally (Mattlin). All people should have equal rights and opportunities to live, or to choose not to go on living.Euthanasia activist clearly state in medical defense, according to Michael Manning’s historical timeline on euthanasia, that it is possible for someone who has just has become disabled, from a life-threating illness, may in fact feel depressed and will ask for death as an ulterior motive (Manning 1). Which is why, if legalized, standardization must be propose d towards the system of euthanasia that includes psychological support and assessment before the patient's wish is granted. Technological advances are progressing each and every day and the arguments of past history are unfair to completely rule out legalization of active euthanasia.For instances, Jack Kevorkian argues with the press during the 1990’s, â€Å"The time has come to take a historic step at least in the controlled circumstances I laid out. There's no danger; it's minimal. It's a little experiment. You have absolute control. Try it. If it doesn't work, we quit. Where's the damage† (Humphrey 43). Many relaxing care experts argue that there is no need for euthanasia, as with modern day medications and care, most terminal patients can be made comfortable until they die naturally, though that is not always the case (Nordqvist).Thus, Humphrey describes the importance of respecting the choice of others with disabling and painful illness. He states that the only wa y the patient can be helped with further treatment is by ‘clouding’ their intelligence to the point that they are no longer themselves. Many people find this more acceptable than the alternative of voluntary euthanasia, but half of our nation believes it’s not right and unfair, just like Derek Humphrey. Although euthanasia is illegal in the United States currently, some citizens argue in defense of dying peaceful with dignity rather then suffer in a hospital bed for months on end.The act of voluntary euthanasia has been debated for several decades and is an extremely difficult task to break down due to both disagreeing sides. Assisted voluntary euthanasia, or active euthanasia, is when a patient intentionally brings about his or her own death with the help of a physician. Active euthanasia is very complex to many people against the legalization because of their religious, cultural or ethical beliefs. Although several individuals argue in favor of active voluntary euthanasia because of their beliefs that everyone should have the right to choose when to die peacefully and painlessly within medical circumstance.In conclusion, taking both controversial sides for and against euthanasia to court is not the answer and cannot be passed by the United States legislation as easily a thought because there are so many facts to consider. With many years of deliberation from both parties, euthanasia may soon be declared illegal or legal with the help of more medical advancement in the future. Works Cited Humphrey, Derek. â€Å"Biography, Information and Resources of Derek Humphrey. † Derek Humphry – Biography, Information and Resources – Derekhumphry. com. Final Exit Network, 2 Sept. 2010. Web. 28 Mar. 2013. lt;http://www. derekhumphry. com;. Manning, Michael. â€Å"Historical Timeline – Euthanasia. † Euthanasia – ProCon. org. Web. ;http://euthanasia. procon. org/view. resource. php? resourceID=000130;. Mattlin, B en, comp. â€Å"The Debate About Assisted Suicide. † The New York Times. The New York Times, 05 Nov. 2012. Web. 27 Feb. 2013. Mattlin, Ben. â€Å"Suicide by Choice? Not So Fast.. † The New York Times. The New York Times, 01 Nov. 2012. Web. 27 Mar. 2013. Miller, Mike. â€Å"Dr. Death, Jack Kevorkian, Dies at 83. † Reuters. Thomson Reuters, 03 June 2011. Web. 26 Mar. 2013. ;http://www. reuters. om/article/2011/06/03/us-kevorkian-idUSTRE7523JP20110603;. Nitschke, Philip. â€Å"Assisted Suicide/ Voluntary Euthanasia. † Exit International. ABC Compass, Exit International, 10 Jan. 2010. Web. 26 Mar. 2013. ;http://www. exitinternational. net/;. Nordqvist, Christian. â€Å"What Is Euthanasia (assisted Suicide)? † Medical News Today. MediLexicon International, 19 Mar. 2010. Web. 27 Mar. 2013. ProCon. org. â€Å"Top 10 Pros and Cons. † ProCon. org. 18 May 2012. Web. 27 Mar. 2013. Robinson, Bryan. â€Å"Kevorkian Sentenced to 10 to 25 Years for Murder . † Court TV News. Courtroom Television Network LLC, 13 Apr.

Discussion and Debate Tourism Lesson for ESL

Discussion and Debate Tourism Lesson for ESL Many thanks to Kevin Roche, a colleague of mine, who has kindly allowed me to include his conversation lesson on the site. Tourism is becoming more and more important - especially for those learning English. Here is a two-part lesson which focuses on the question of developing tourism as an industry in your local town. Students need to develop concepts, discuss local economic problems and solutions to those problems, think about possible negative impacts and finally make a presentation. These two lessons provide a great long-term project for upper-level students while offering an opportunity to use English in a number of authentic settings. Let's Do Tourism - Part 1 Aim Discussion, explaining, reasoning, agreeing and disagreeing Activity Tourism - Do we need it? Discussion of pros and cons of developing local tourism Level Upper intermediate to advanced Outline Split students into two groups - one group representatives of Lets Do Tourism, a tourism development company. The other group representatives of the residents of your city and are in opposition to the plans of Lets Do tourism.Give each student a copy of one of the discussion notes.Ask students if they have any questions on the explanatory notes.Give students fifteen minutes to prepare for the discussion in their groups. Students should discuss the points mentioned and any other points they may come up within their groups.Circulate around the classroom helping students and taking notes on common language problems.Have students get back together and try to convince you (or another chosen group of students) of their reasoning.Begin the activity follow-up by going over some of the more common mistakes made by students.Finish the activity as a class by asking each student to choose one reason either for or against the project. Each student should then discuss one of the points in front o f the rest of the class. Ask other students to comment on the arguments presented. Your Town, The Next Tourist Paradise? A company called lets Do Tourism is panning to invest a large amount of money to turn your town into a major center for tourists. They have made plans to manufacture a number of hotels and other tourist infrastructure in your town. As well as the hotels, they have also made plans to radically improve the nightlife in your town by opening a string of clubs and bars. They hope that by the year 2004 your town will be a major competitor within the tourist industry in your country.   Group 1 You are representatives of Lets Do Tourism your aim is to promote the plans of your company and to convince me that tourism is the best solutions for your city. Points to concentrate on: The increase in jobs that will come with the increase in investment.The money that the tourists will bring into the local economyThe progress and development of your city which will result in it becoming more important with not only your region but also your country as well.Better for the young people of your city as there will be much more investment in leisure industries. Group 2 You are the representatives of the residents of your city and are in opposition to the plans of Lets Do tourism. Your aim is to convince me that this is a bad idea for your town. Points to consider: Environmental issues - tourists pollutionTroublemakers - many tourists have no respect for the places they visit and are only interested in getting drunk and causing trouble.The rise in tourism will bring about radical changes and will result in the traditional way of life in your town being lost. Perhaps forever.Rather than promoting the position of your city in your country, this move will make your city the laughing stock of your country.

Essay on Design Management Practice and Theory part 2Essay Writing Service

Essay on Design Management Practice and Theory part 2Essay Writing Service Essay on Design Management Practice and Theory part 2 Essay on Design Management Practice and Theory part 2Essay on Design Management Practice and Theory part  1The magazine focuses on the large audience, at the age between 16-50. In such a way, the magazine has to match needs and expectations of the large audience that is quite a challenging task to do to make it possible to attract all potential customers of the magazine. The magazine reaches the large target customer group due to the skilful and highly efficient design which is universal to the extent that it attracts men and women of different age. The magazine is attractive for the youth as well as it is attractive for the older generation. At the same time, it is not just specific items that attract diverse customers to the magazine but it is the truly universal design of the magazine and the unique lifestyle promoted and created by the magazine. In such a way, it is not just some items that attract the large audience to the magazine but it is the lifestyle which people want to follow and which they find on pages of the magazine, in its design and content.The design of Cover Magazine stresses visual effects which are crucial for editors of the magazine in terms of the maintenance of the traditional design of the magazine. Visual effects of the magazine are very important for its design. They create the impression of fashionableness and success which are distinct features of the lifestyle created and promoted by Cover Magazine (Wilson, 2006). The attractiveness of the visual effects and design of the magazine catch the attention of the audience and, when readers start reading or even looking through the magazine, they get more and more involved into the content of the magazine and consciously or not they turn into admirers of the lifestyle created by the magazine design (Dwight, 2007). This is why one of the main priorities of Cover Magazine design is the strife for presenting the best in journalism, photography and art direction.Another distinct feature of the magazine design is the high quality. The magazine design is quality oriented. The high quality of the magazine becomes obvious, when it comes to text, images and all the aesthetics. The editor of the magazine insists: â€Å"We are not indifferent to how things look. The key to our success lies among other things in our diligence and determination to continue until our magazines are a pleasure to read as well as to look in† . The magazine attempts to reach perfection in every aspect of its operations and in every element of its design, starting from the cover page and ending up in the smallest article and item presented in the magazine.The internal design was also extremely important for the magazine. The design within Cover is constantly surrounded by design in fashion, beauty lifestyle (Weber, 2006). The focus on the fashion, beauty and lifestyle implies the close interaction between these three elements which comprise the lifestyle of readers of Cover Magazine. The wo rk structure within Cover Magazine also remains stable in the course of time and the editors of the magazine are not going to change it consistently. The layout of the magazine is another distinct feature of the internal design of the magazine that remains stable and aims at the attraction of the target audience of the magazine. The internal design of Cover Magazine aims at the inspiration of the target customer group that transits from designers, editors and contributors of the magazine to its target audience.The design of the magazine aims at the creativity and innovativeness, which though emerge within the lifestyle created and promoted by the magazine. In actuality, creativity and innovations are key factors contributing to the overall success of the magazine. The focus on creativity and innovativeness contributed to the creation of the authentic lifestyle promoted by the magazine and helped the magazine to attract the large audience. Innovativeness and creativity keep attractin g the younger audience, whereas the traditional structure of the magazine maintains the loyalty of old customers.Thus, Cover Magazine has reached a considerable progress due to the development of the effective external and internal design which attracts customers, in spite of gender or age differences. Moreover, today, the magazine stays focused on the creation and promotion of the unique lifestyle which unite its customers in their strife to follow the lead of the magazine, while the magazine sets the pace for the lifestyle it has created. In this regard, the internal and external design of the magazine still plays an important part contributing to its persisting popularity among customers and to the high level of the customer loyalty. The high quality of design, its innovativeness and creativity have become the major factors contributing to its overall success.

Macroeconomics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Macroeconomics - Assignment Example From the diagram, the demand of the loanable sum is inversely related to the interest rate (r). Firms generally will compare the expected profitability of investments with the interest rate. At lower interest rates, projects are profitable, and there will be a higher demand for loanable funds. When the government finance the fund from the private pool, the demand increase by the government expenditure minus the tax income (G - T ). The increase in the government financing reduces the availability of loanable sum in the market. Equilibrium of the supply and demand curve is disturbed and shifted to a higher interest rate. Both national saving and investment would be lower. The government loan forces the investor to compete for real interest rate make investment less attractive, assuring that investment will decrease (I shift to I' in diagram) along with the national saving. This is called crowding out. It causes a lower economic growth. Economist generally advises to reduce deficit. When the government switched from public to bank for credit, the supply of loanable fund to the market reduced. This thus causes a shift of the supply line to the left as in the diagram. The result of the reduction of loanable fund is the increase in the interest rates of loan. Private sector or firm will try to reduce their loan due to the high interest. There will not be a lot of projects going on and as a consequence the investment in the country will drop. Both situation 1 and 2 would result in inflation as interest rate increased. 3. large amounts of banknotes are dropped off from a helicopter Answer: When money falls from a helicopter, the supply of money or the saving hold by the public in the market increases. In the diagram, this is illustrated by the shift of supply curve (S) to the right (S'). The household expenditure might increase due to the increase in saving. Thus, the interest rate reduces (from r to r') and the demand of loanable funds increases (from I to I'). From the reduction of interest rate, more loan will be taken out to construct development projects. This is a situation where the money in the market increase without causing inflation. Scenario II In the same economy the money market adheres to the principles of the classical model but the commodity market displays a substantial amount of Keynesian unemployment with stable prices. A few assumption for Keynesian model prices & wages are fixed at a given level at these price & wage levels there is involuntary unemployment (there are workers without a job who would like to work at the going market real wage) Answer the same set of questions as those in Scenario I, namely, explain with the help of appropriate diagrams(s) what happens when 4. the government increases its expenditure and finances it by

Renewable Wind Power Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Renewable Wind Power - Research Paper Example A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy. When mechanical energy is put to use directly in some equipment such as grinding stones or a pump, it is called a windmill. Instead, when it is converted to electricity for further use, the device is known as wind turbine or wind generator. Wind turbines are mounted at high elevation so as to receive a constant flow of wind power at higher average velocity. Usually, wind turbines need an average speed of 35 kilometer/hour or 11 meters/second. Wind velocity mapping is done before selecting a place for wind turbine. Higher the wind speeds, more are the chances to get continuous flow of electricity (Whitburn, 2012). As terminology implies, 1- kW rated capacity wind turbine would generate theoretically maximum of 1 kW of power per hour, if continuous flow of wind with the average wind velocity is available at all the time; however, in all practical purposes it does not happen so because wind energy is intermittent. In the long run, wind turbines are found to generate electricity only at 10-40% of their rated capacity. This means that wind turbine with the rated capacity of 1 kW would generate between 2.4 kWh (1Ãâ€" 24Ãâ€" 0.10) and 9.6 kWh of power per day (1Ãâ€"24Ãâ€" 0.40) (Whitburn, 2012). Wind turbines can be segregated on the basis of horizontal- and vertical-axis turbines. Horizontal-axis turbines have tail fins that keep blades facing the wind. A constant flow of wind keeps turning the rotor blades of the turbine, which is connected to the generator through a rotating shaft and gear-wheel assembly. The power so generated is called Direct Current (DC) and needs to be converted to Alternating Current (AC) for its use as all devices for home use are usually designed based on AC current. The conversion from DC to AC is done through a device called inverter. Inverter is connected to a battery bank that is a store house of electricity produced in this way because wind energy is available intermittently while electricity demand is continuous. When no sufficient wind energy is available, electricity production comes to a standstill; however, the need of end users are met through the stored energy in the pool of battery (Whitburn, 2012). The following schematic shows the st eps involved in the production of wind power. Source: http://exploringgreentechnology.com/wind-energy/how-does-wind-energy-work/ How Wind Energy Can Save Money Companies can save a huge amount of money if they use this renewable source of energy. Subsidies that are available at Federal and State levels give extra cushioning; technological advances and scale of operations have changed the scenario in clear terms. Subsidies Available on Wind Energy The production tax credit (PTC) is the subsidy available to the producers of wind power and that, currently, rules at 2cents/kWh (zFacts, 2011). Most of the wind generators have qualified for this and they will receive it for 10 years. Moreover, double declining 5-year depreciation is the second benefit that companies get on investment toward wind power. This allows investor to take a 40% tax deduction on the very first year and 24% deduction on the second year. It is allowed to be completed in five years. The combined federal-sales tax rat e is around 43% and in that sense the depreciation allowance is lucrative enough and in terms of benefits, it accounts for half a cent/kWh (zFacts, 2011). Though wind produces electricity free of operating cost, it requires still huge investment toward the cost of equipment and installation